![]() ![]() Cachexia: ongoing muscle loss that is not entirely reversed with nutritional supplementation.ascites) and is often associated with liver cirrhosis in the context of an abdominal examination OSCE station. Oedema: typically presents as swelling of the limbs (e.g.Hyperpigmentation: a bronzing of the skin associated with haemochromatosis.acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cholangitis, pancreatic cancer). Jaundice: a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels (e.g.It should be noted that healthy individuals may have a pale complexion that mimics pallor. gastrointestinal bleeding or malnutrition). Pallor: a pale colour of the skin that can suggest underlying anaemia (e.g.Abdominal distention: may suggest the presence of ascites or underlying bowel obstruction and/or organomegaly.Obvious scars: may provide clues regarding previous abdominal surgery.Pain: if the patient appears uncomfortable, ask where the pain is and whether they are still happy for you to examine them.Confusion: often a feature of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatic encephalopathy.Age: the patient’s approximate age is helpful when considering the most likely underlying pathology, with younger patients more likely to have diagnoses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and older patients more likely to have chronic liver disease and malignancy.Inspect the patient from the end of the bed whilst at rest, looking for clinical signs suggestive of underlying pathology: The doctor or a member of our staff can help you order the equipment or suggest other ways to make your recovery period more comfortable.You might also be interested in our collection of 900+ OSCE Stations, including a range of abdominal examination and gastroenterology stations. You can still watch television and have conversations with visitors. The face-down mirror allows you to see people and objects around you without having to turn them upside down. The face-down chairs, cradles and pillows support your head or body so that you can read, write, sleep and eat more easily and comfortably during the recovery period. ![]() This equipment includes: adjustable face-down chairs, tabletop face cradles, face-down pillows, face-down mirrors. You can also purchase or rent special equipment designed to make face-down recovery more comfortable and convenient. If you are lying down, try lying face down with your operated side hanging over your pillow to avoid pressure. If you are sitting, try using a table for support to avoid back and neck discomfort. When walking, be sure to have someone walk with you to avoid injury. This includes when you are standing, eating, walking, sitting or lying in bed. Unless the doctor otherwise advises, you must maintain the face-down position at all times. Lying in the wrong position can put pressure on other areas in the eye and may cause the development of further problems such as a cataract or glaucoma. The doctor will tell you how long to maintain proper positioning of your head and eye. With time, the bubble disappears and is replaced with normal eye fluid. The surgery may not work unless you maintain the correct position. Since the retina lines the back of the eye, your head must be face down or to a specific side (depending upon your condition), so that the bubble floats in the correct position and holds the retina in place correctly. You will have to keep your head face down (parallel to the ground) or lie on one side for several days to a week after surgery to allow the bubble to stay in the correct position. Once inside your eye, the gas bubble rises to the top and floats there. This bubble holds the retina in place as it reattaches to the back of the eye. To repair a damaged retina, the doctor removes the vitreous gel from the eye and injects a gas bubble to take its place. ![]()
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